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PDF and .doc files of the overheads used for this presentation are available from the Christian Spirituality Home Page or from the download page.
Topics 1.1. What is Christian Spirituality? 1.2. Characterizing The Anglican Spirit
2.1. Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) 2.2. The Book of Common Prayer 2.3. Significance of Prayer Book for Spirituality 2.3.2. A spirituality for everyday life 2.3.3. A spirituality for the English 2.3.4. A sense of the church as a holy place 2.4. Other Important 16th Century Anglicans 2.4.1. Richard Hooker (1553-1600) 2.4.2. Lancelot Andrewes (1556-1626)
3.2. The Five "Caroline Divines" 3.2.1. Introduction to the Five Caroline Divines 3.2.3. George Herbert (1593-1633) 3.3.1. Characteristics of the Cambridge Platonists 3.3.2. Prominent Cambridge Platonists 3.5. Other Prominent 17th Century Anglicans 3.5.1. Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667) 3.5.1.2. Principles of Holy Living
5. Eighteenth to Nineteenth Century 5.1.1. Characteristics of the Evangelicals 5.1.3. John Newton (1725-1807) 5.1.4. William Cowper (1731-1800) 5.1.5. Charles Simeon (1759-1836)
6.1.1. Background of the Oxford Movement 6.1.2. Central Principles of the Oxford Movement 6.1.3. Significance and Results of the Oxford Movement 6.1.4. Important Figures in the Oxford Movement
1. Introduction 1.1. What is Christian Spirituality? Christianity Spirituality is the quest for a fulfilled and authentic life, that involves
1.2. Characterizing The Anglican Spirit "The Anglican spirit was still, as it had always been, one which refused to separate
- Gordon Mursell
Anglican Spirituality has frequently been described as incarnational because it has taken this doctrine to heart to emphasize:
In his pamphet "A People Called Episcopalians", the Rev. Dr. John H. Westerhoff characterizes Anglican Spirituality as:
2.1. Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556)
2.2. The Book of Common Prayer Meant to be not just a service book but a guide for all aspects Christian living
"To the seventeenth-century layman the Prayer Book was not a shiny volume to be borrowed from the shelf on entering the church and carefully replaced on leaving. It was a beloved and battered personal possession, a lifelong companion and guide, to be carried from church to kitchen, to living room, to bedside table" - Martin Thornton
2.3. Significance of Prayer Book for Spirituality 2.3.1. A religion for all The 7-fold monastic rhythms of prayer were reduced to 2 (Matins and Evensong), recited by the people in their own language
The Curate that ministereth in every Parish-Church or Chapel, being at home, and not being otherwise reasonably hindered, shall say [Morning and Evening Prayer] in the Parish-Church or Chapel where he ministereth, and shall cause a Bell to be tolled thereunto a convenient time before he begin, that the people may come to hear God's Word, and to pray with him.
2.3.2. A spirituality for everyday life Prayers and thanksgivings covered everyday needs (rain, good harvest, peace)
2.3.3. A spirituality for the English Made use of the rhythm and richness of the English language
"The splendid language of religious majesty and the melodious style in which these formulas were expressed made them a means of education by worship of which no Church, Catholic or Protestant, has the equivalent today"
2.3.4. A sense of the church as a holy place
If we lack Jesus Christ, that is to say, the saviour of our souls and bodies, we shall not find him in the market-place, or in the guildhall, much less in the ale-house or tavern, amongst good fellows (as they call them), so soon as we shall find him in the temple, the Lord's house, amongst the teachers and preachers of his word, where indeed he is to be found.
2.4. Other Important 16th Century Anglicans 2.4.1. Richard Hooker (1553-1600)
2.4.2. Lancelot Andrewes (1556-1626)
3.1. Introduction The 17th century was a time of radical change that saw:
3.2. The Five "Caroline Divines" 3.2.1. Introduction to the Five Caroline Divines or Metaphysical Poetes The Five "Caroline Divines" or the "metaphysical" or mystical poets
3.2.2. John Donne (1572-1631)
On the intensity of his love and longing for God: Batter my heart, three person’d God For you as yet but knock, breathe, shine and seek to mend; That I may rise and stand, o’er throw me, and bend Your force to break, blow, burn, and make me new"
Meditation on "No man is an island" The church is Catholic, universal, so are all her actions; all that she does belongs to all. When she baptizes a child, that action concerns me; for that child is thereby connected to that head which is my head too, and ingrafted into that body whereof I am a member. And when she buries a man, that action concerns me: all mankind is of one author, and is one volume; when one man dies, one chapter is not torn out of the book, but translated into a better language: and every chapter must be so translated; God employs several translators; some pieces are translated by age, some by sickness, some by war, some by justice; but God's hand is in every translation, and his hand shall bind up all our scattered leaves again, for that library when every book shall lie open to one another... No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friend's or of thine own were; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.
3.2.3. George Herbert (1593-1633)
3.3. The Cambridge Platonists 3.3.1. Characteristics of the Cambridge Platonists The motto of the Cambridge Platonists:
"The spirit of man is the candle of the Lord" (Proverbs 20:27) "lighted by God and lighting us to God" (Whichcote)
Their major characteristics:
"Thus may a good man walk up and down the World as in a Garden of Spices, and suck a Divine sweetness out of every flower. There is a twofold meaning in every creature as the Jews speak of their law, a Literal and a Mistical and the one is but the ground of the other" - John Smith
3.3.2. Prominent Cambridge Platonists Prominent Cambridge Platonist included:
3.4. The Moralists 3.4.1. The Whole Duty of Man The Whole Duty of Man (anonymous), 1657 "Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man" (Ecclesiastes 12:13)
3.5. Other Prominent 17th Century Anglicans 3.5.1. Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667) 3.5.1.1. Background
3.5.1.2. Principles of Holy Living We must turn "our natures into grace." Through the Principles of Holy Living:
"God is wholly in every place, included in no place; not bound with cords except those of love... we may imagine God to be as the air and the sea, and we all enclosed in his circle, wrapped up in the lap of his infinite nature; or as infants in the wombs of their pregnant mothers: and we can no more he removed from the presence of God, than from our own being"
4.1. Introduction People living in the 18th century faced multiple new challenges to their faith:
4.2. William Law (1686-1761) William Law (1686-1761)
5. Eighteenth to Nineteenth Century 5.1. The Evangelicals 5.1.1. Characteristics of the Evangelicals The Evangelicals affirmed / believed in:
5.1.2. Important Evangelicals Important Evangelicals:
5.1.3. John Newton (1725-1807) John Newton (1725-1807):
5.1.4. William Cowper (1731-1800) William Cowper (1731-1800):
Judge not the Lord by feeble sense, But trust him for his Grace; Behind a frowning Providence, He hides a Smiling face. ('Light Shining Out of Darkness')
5.1.5. Charles Simeon (1759-1836) Charles Simeon (1759-1836):
"The Bible first, the Prayer book second and all other books in subordination to both"
6.1. The Oxford Movement 6.1.1. Background of the Oxford Movement Sought to reassure and recover the catholic heritage of the English church Became known as Anglo-Catholics or Tracterians (from their writings called: Tracts for the Times)
6.1.2. Central Principles of the Oxford Movement Central principles:
into the light of Eternal Brightness, to be kindled with the glow of everlasting Love, to enter, a bidden guest, into the unseen glory of the Divine Presence, and there, face to Face, to ask him who is more ready to give than we to ask. (Pusey)
"When we seek the company of our friends, we do not seek it simply with the view of getting something from them; it is a pleasure to be with them, to be talking to them at all, or about anything... So it is with the soul, when dealing with the Friend of friends - with God" (Pusey)
6.1.3. Significance and Results of the Oxford Movement The Oxford Movement helped the Anglican church re-embrace much of its Catholic heritage. Frequency of Eucharist increased and the ceremonial and ritual beauty of Catholic worship forms were recovered.
It led to revival of religious communities: For men, these included
For women, these included:
It was also was a powerful stimulus to new church building
6.1.4. Important Figures in the Oxford Movement Important Figures in the Oxford Movement included:
One important part of 20th century Anglican spirituality has been an increasing interest in the English Mystics of the 14th century (Richard Rolle, anonymous author of The Cloud of Unknowing, Walter Hilton, Julian of Norwich, Margery Kempe), seen in the writings of:
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