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Last update Jan 1, 2002 The overheads and handout for this session, as well as the general reference list for the series can be downloaded as a .pdf file from the Download Page.
Topics 1.1.1. Introduction: A Gradual Protestantization 1.1.2. Calls for Reform Before Henry VIII 1.1.3. Henry VIII, Defender of the Faith 1.1.4. Henry's Marriage to Catherine of Aragon 1.1.5. Henry's Marriage to Anne Boleyn. Split with Rome 1.1.6. Henry's Marriage to Jane Seymour. Heir at Last 1.2. Changes, Continuity in the English Church after the Reformation 1.2.3. The Articles of Religion 1.2.4. The Continuation of the Church Founded by Augustine of Canterbury
2.1. Church of England Under Fire from Puritans and Roman Catholics 2.2. Richard Hooker Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity 2.2.1. The Anglican Middle Way 2.2.2. “The Three Legged Stool” 2.2.3. Sacramental Sharing in the Divine Life
3.1 Two major Influences in the 18th Century 3.3.1. A New Form of the Church of England 3.3.2. Compromise Between Churches of New England and Virginia 3.3.3. The First Bishop of the American Church, Samuel Seabury
4.1. Three major movements in the 19th Century 4.3. Catholic Revival or Oxford Movement 4.4. The Broad Church Movement
5.1. Major movements in the 20th and 21st centuries 5.4. Ecumenical Conversations with other Churches
1. 16th Century 1.1.1. Introduction: A Gradual Protestantization The Reformation in England:
1.1.2. Calls for Reform Before Henry VIII Calls for reform in the English church were present before Henry VIII:
1.1.3. Henry VIII, Defender of the Faith Henry VIII:
1.1.4. Henry's Marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556)
1.1.5. Henry's Marriage to Anne Boleyn. Split with Rome
Reaction to the Supremacy Act:
1.1.6. Henry's Marriage to Jane Seymour. Heir at Last
1.1.7. Edward VI Edward VI (1547-1553)
July 6, 1553: Edward VI died of tuberculosis at age 15
1.1.8. Mary Tudor Mary Tudor (1553-1558)
1.1.9. Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Except for a brief period during the Puritan Commonwealth, Anglicanism as established by Elizabeth I continued as the official church of England
1.2. Changes, Continuity in the English Church after the Reformation 1.2.1. Changes The Changes of the English Reformation included:
1.2.2. Continuity Continuity within the English Church:
1.2.3. The Articles of Religion The changes of the English Reformation were embodied in the Articles of Religion (“Thirty-Nine Articles”). The Articles were eclectic, making room for different theological views.
1.2.4. The Continuation of the Church Founded by Augustine of Canterbury The Church of England considered itself the continuation of the English Catholic church founded by Augustine of Canterbury.
2. 17th century 2.1. Church of England Under Fire from Puritans and Roman Catholics In the 17th century, the Church of England came under fire from two sides:
2.2. Richard Hooker Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity In response to the pressures from from the Puritans and Catholics, Richard Hooker outlined three laws of ecclesiastical polity:
2.2.1. The Anglican Middle Way The church could both:
while still:
Anglicanism: a way between the extremes of radical Protestantism and Roman Catholicism: via media
2.2.2. “The Three Legged Stool” Scripture is the “oracle of God.” However, we must bear in mind that scripture is read:
We therefore learn about God through “the three-legged stool” of
2.2.3. Sacramental Sharing in the Divine Life Emphasized the importance of the Incarnation in Anglican theology. God becoming incarnate in this world = taking on human form:
2.3. Back in the Colonies Meanwhile, back in the colonies . . . In the South:
In the Middle colonies (NJ, Delaware, Maryland, Pa)
In New England:
3. 18th century 3.1 Two major Influences in the 18th Century There were two major influences on the 18th century Anglican church in the America:
3.2. Deism Deism asserted:
Effects of Deism in the church:
3.3. American Revolution 3.3.1. A New Form of the Church of England At the start of the Revolution: Anglicanism was the second largest religion in the colonies (behind Congregationism)
After the Revolution, a new independent church was formed, with its own form of church government, its own book of Common Prayer.
1789: General Convention adopted principles of William White’s (Pennsylvania) The Case of the Episcopal Churches in the United States Considered
3.3.2. Compromise Between Churches of New England and Virginia A conflict arose between:
A compromise was reached in which there would be two houses in the governance of the church:
3.3.3. The First Bishop of the American Church, Samuel Seabury First Bishop of the American : Samuel Seabury
1784: Seabury arrived in London to seek ordination by other bishops of the Church of England. Problems arose:
Seabury instead went to the small Scottish Episcopal Church for ordination.
4. 19th century 4.1. Three major movements in the 19th Century The 19th century saw three major movements in the American Episcopal church:
4.2. Evangelical Movement The 1820’s and 1830’s were decades of great Evangelical bishops
Missionary work a major emphasis: 1821: Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society formed 1835: General Convention voted to send bishops as missionaries
Social reform, care for the poor, personal reform also major emphases of the time
4.3. Catholic Revival or Oxford Movement The Catholic Revival or the Oxford Movement began among Oxford dons in Tracts for the Times They called for a return to the doctrinal tradition and practices of the ancient church
The movement emphasized:
4.4. The Broad Church Movement A crisis of faith challenged the church in the late 19th century. The source of this crisis was from:
In response, the church tried to assimilate the new scholarship and science into Anglican theology The guiding principle behind this assimilation was that the truth of God must incorporate all human truth.
Theologians struggled with questions of
The Episcopal Theological School Cambridge was a major center of the Broad Church Movement.
A major work of this movement: Lux Mundi: A Series of Studies in the Religion of the Incarnation, editor Charles Gore (later bishop of Oxford) 1889
5.1. Major movements in the 20th and 21st centuries Major movements in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in the Episcopal church include:
5.2. Social Justice The rationale for a commitment to social justice in the Episcopal church:
After WWII: women began to serve on vestries 1970: first women served as delegates to the General Convention 1976: Convention voted to admit women to the priesthood 1988: first woman bishop elected, Barbara Harris, Suffragan Bishop in Massachusetts
5.4. Ecumenical Conversations with other Churches In 1886, the House of Bishops in Chicago defined the principles of unity with other churches in the Chicago Quadrilateral In 1888, this was accepted by Lambeth Conference as the Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral Ideas were based on a book by William Reed Huntington, The Church Idea: An Essay Towards Unity, 1870. Among them, was that Episcopal church should move beyond its English heritage
The principles of the Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral:
The fourth principle of the Chicago-Lambeth -- the historic episcopate -- has often proven to be the greatest point of contention in ecumenical dialogues.
In 1867, the first meeting of Anglican bishops was held in in London, at Lambeth Palace, the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
A Lambeth Conference has since been held every 10 years (except during WWII) Issues are discussed, resolutions considered, passed. The resolutions are not binding on the individual communions.
The Anglican Communion is a communion or fellowship:
Thus: a community or fellowship we have in Christ that transcends our differences
General The Anglican Vision. The New Church's Teaching Series, Volume 1. James E. Griffiss, Cowley, Boston.1997 Welcome to the Episcopal Church An Introduction to Its History, Faith, and Worship. Christopher L. Webber. Morehouse. 1999 (majority of material from this book) What is Anglicanism? Urban T. Holmes III. Morehouse Publishing, Harrisburg, 1982.
Section on the English Reformation Introduction to the History of Christianity. Tim Dowley, editor. Fortress, Minneapolis, 1995. First published by Lion Publishing, 1977, revised edition 1990. A New History of Christianity. Vivian Green. Foreword by the Rt. Revd. Lord Runcie. Continuum Publishing, New York, 2000. First published in Great Britain, Sutton Publishing Limited, 1996 The Story Of Christianity, Justo L. Gonzalez. Prince Press (an imprint of Hendrickson Publishers), Peabody, MA. 1999. Originally published in two volumes by HarperCollins Publishers, 1984 and 1985 The Story of Christianity. 2,000 Years of Faith. Matthew A. Price and Michael Collins. Tyndale House Publishers, Wheaton, Illinois. A Dorling Kindersley Book, 1999.
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